Religions and Spiritual traditions

Religions and Spiritual traditions

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Religion is a collection of cultural systems, belief systems, and worldviews that establishes symbols that relate humanity to spirituality and, sometimes, to moral values. While religion is hard to define, one standard model of religion, used in religious studies courses, was proposed by Clifford Geertz, who simply called it a "cultural system".[1] A critique of Geertz's model by Talal Asad categorized religion as "an anthropological category."[2] Many religions have narratives, symbols, traditions and sacred histories that are intended to give meaning to life or to explain the origin of life or the universe. They tend to derive morality, ethics,religious laws or a preferred lifestyle from their ideas about the cosmos and human nature.
The word religion is sometimes used interchangeably with faith or belief system, but religion differs from private belief in that it has a public aspect. Most religions have organizedbehaviors, including clerical hierarchies, a definition of what constitutes adherence or membership, congregations of laity, regular meetings or services for the purposes of veneration of a deity or for prayer, holy places (either natural or architectural), and/orscriptures. The practice of a religion may also include sermons, commemoration of the activities of a god or gods, sacrifices, festivals, feasts, trance, initiations, funerary services,matrimonial services, meditation, music, art, dance, public service, or other aspects of human culture.
Some academics studying the subject have divided religions into three broad categories: world religions, a term which refers totranscultural, international faiths; indigenous religions, which refers to smaller, culture-specific or nation-specific religious groups; andnew religious movements, which refers to recently developed faiths.[3] One modern academic theory of religion, social constructionism, says that religion is a modern concept that suggests all spiritual practice and worship follows a model similar to the Abrahamic religionsas an orientation system that helps to interpret reality and define human beings,[4] and thus religion, as a concept, has been applied inappropriately to non-Western cultures that are not based upon such systems, or in which these systems are a substantially simpler construct.



Abrahamic religions

Main article: Abrahamic religions
A group of monotheistic traditions sometimes grouped with one another for comparative purposes, because all refer to a patriarch named Abraham.

[edit]Babism

Main article: Bábism

[edit]Bahá'í Faith

Main article: Bahá'í Faith

[edit]Christianity

Main article: Christianity
See also: List of Christian denominations
Catholicism
Main article: Catholic Church
Protestantism
Main article: Protestantism
Eastern Orthodoxy
Main article: Eastern Orthodox Church
Other Eastern Churches

[edit]Other groups

[edit]Druze

Main article: Druze

[edit]Gnosticism

Main article: Gnosticism
See also: List of Gnostic sects
Christian Gnosticism
Early Gnosticism
Medieval Gnosticism
Persian Gnosticism
Syrian-Egyptic Gnosticism
Main article: Syrian-Egyptic Gnosticism

[edit]Islam

Main article: Islam
See also: Islamic schools and branches
Kalam Schools
Main article: Kalam
Kharijite
Main article: Kharijite
Shia Islam
Main article: Shia Islam
Sufism
Main article: Sufism
Sunni Islam
Main article: Sunni Islam
Other Islamic Groups

[edit]Judaism

Main article: Judaism
See also: Jewish Denominations
Rabbinic Judaism
Main article: Rabbinic Judaism
Karaite Judaism
Main article: Karaite Judaism
Falasha or Beta Israel
Modern Non-Rabbinic Judaism
Historical groups

[edit]Rastafari movement

Main article: Rastafari movement

[edit]Mandaeans and Sabians

Main articles: Mandaeism and Sabians

[edit]Samaritanism

Main article: Samaritanism

[edit]Shabakism

Main article: Shabak people

[edit]Indian religions

Main article: Indian religions
Religions that originated in India and religions and traditions related to, and descended from, them.

[edit]Ayyavazhi

Main article: Ayyavazhi

[edit]Bhakti movement

Main article: Bhakti movement

[edit]Buddhism

Main article: Schools of Buddhism

[edit]Din-i-Ilahi

[edit]Hinduism

See also: Hindu denominations
Major schools and movements of Hindu philosophy
Main article: Hindu philosophy

[edit]Jainism

Main article: Jainism

[edit]Meivazhi

[edit]Sikhism

Main article: Sikhism

[edit]Iranian religions

Main article: Iranian religions

[edit]Manichaeism

[edit]Mazdakism

[edit]Mithraism

[edit]Yazdânism

Main article: Yazdânism

[edit]Zoroastrianism

Main article: Zoroastrianism

[edit]East Asian religions

Main article: East Asian religions

[edit]Confucianism

Main article: Confucianism

[edit]Shinto

Main articles: Shinto and Shinto sects and schools

[edit]Taoism

Main article: Taoism

[edit]Other

[edit]African diasporic religions

See also: African diasporic religions
African diasporic religions are a number of related religions that developed in the Americas among African slaves and their descendants in various countries of the Caribbean Islands and Latin America, as well as parts of the southern United States. They derive from African traditional religions, especially of West and Central Africa, showing similarities to the Yoruba religion in particular.

[edit]Indigenous traditional religions

See also: Paganism and Folk religion
Traditionally, these faiths have all been classified "Pagan", but scholars prefer the terms "indigenous/primal/folk/ethnic religions".

[edit]African

Main article: African traditional religions
West Africa
Central Africa
East Africa
Southern Africa

[edit]American

Main article: Native American mythology

[edit]Eurasian

Main article: Eurasian Indigenous Religions
Asian
European

[edit]Oceania/Pacific

[edit]Cargo cults

Main article: Cargo cults

[edit]Historical polytheism

Further information: Prehistoric religion and History of religion

[edit]Ancient Near Eastern

Main article: Ancient Near Eastern religions

[edit]Indo-European

Main article: Proto-Indo-European religion

[edit]Hellenistic

Main article: Hellenistic religion

[edit]Mysticism and Occult

[edit]Esotericism and mysticism

Main articles: Esotericism and Mysticism

[edit]Occult and magic

Main articles: Occultism, Magic (paranormal), and Magick

[edit]Neopaganism

Main article: List of Neopagan movements
Main article: Paganism (contemporary)

[edit]Syncretic

[edit]Ethnic

[edit]New religious movements

Main article: List of new religious movements

[edit]Creativity

[edit]New Thought

Main article: New Thought

[edit]Shinshukyo

Main article: Shinshūkyō

[edit]Left-hand path religions

Main article: Left-hand path and right-hand path

[edit]Fictional religions

Main article: List of fictional religions

[edit]Parody or mock religions

[edit]Others


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